|   | primersearch | 
primersearch reads in primer pairs from an input file and searches them against DNA sequence(s) specified by the user. Each of the primers in a pair is searched against the sequence and potential amplimers are reported. The output file is in the format of Whitehead primer3_core program. The user can specify a maximum percent mismatch level; for example, 10% mismatch on a primer of length 20bp means that the program will classify a primer as matching a sequence if 18 of the 20 base pairs matches. It will only report matches if both primers in the pair have a match in opposite orientations.
Each primer pair is specified in the input file by a name, followed by two primer sequences, primerA and primerB. The program first compares primerA to the forward strand and if it matches, primerB is compared to the reverse strand. The approach is then reversed, with the primerB being compared to the forward strand and primerA to the reverse. In this way all possible amplimers are reported.
| % primersearch tembl:z52466 Search DNA sequences for matches with primer pairs Primer pairs file: primers Allowed percent mismatch [0]: Whitehead primer3_core program output file [z52466.primersearch]: | 
Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example
Example 2
Here we run the same example but allowing 20% mismatch between the primers and the sequence:
| % primersearch tembl:z52466 Search DNA sequences for matches with primer pairs Primer pairs file: primers Allowed percent mismatch [0]: 20 Whitehead primer3_core program output file [z52466.primersearch]: | 
Go to the output files for this example
| 
   Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers:
  [-seqall]            seqall     Nucleotide sequence(s) filename and optional
                                  format, or reference (input USA)
  [-infile]            infile     Primer pairs file
  [-mismatchpercent]   integer    [0] Allowed percent mismatch (Any integer
                                  value)
  [-outfile]           outfile    [*.primersearch] Whitehead primer3_core
                                  program output file
   Additional (Optional) qualifiers: (none)
   Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers: (none)
   Associated qualifiers:
   "-seqall" associated qualifiers
   -sbegin1            integer    Start of each sequence to be used
   -send1              integer    End of each sequence to be used
   -sreverse1          boolean    Reverse (if DNA)
   -sask1              boolean    Ask for begin/end/reverse
   -snucleotide1       boolean    Sequence is nucleotide
   -sprotein1          boolean    Sequence is protein
   -slower1            boolean    Make lower case
   -supper1            boolean    Make upper case
   -sformat1           string     Input sequence format
   -sdbname1           string     Database name
   -sid1               string     Entryname
   -ufo1               string     UFO features
   -fformat1           string     Features format
   -fopenfile1         string     Features file name
   "-outfile" associated qualifiers
   -odirectory4        string     Output directory
   General qualifiers:
   -auto               boolean    Turn off prompts
   -stdout             boolean    Write first file to standard output
   -filter             boolean    Read first file from standard input, write
                                  first file to standard output
   -options            boolean    Prompt for standard and additional values
   -debug              boolean    Write debug output to program.dbg
   -verbose            boolean    Report some/full command line options
   -help               boolean    Report command line options. More
                                  information on associated and general
                                  qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
   -warning            boolean    Report warnings
   -error              boolean    Report errors
   -fatal              boolean    Report fatal errors
   -die                boolean    Report dying program messages
 | 
| Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default | |
|---|---|---|---|
| [-seqall] (Parameter 1) | Nucleotide sequence(s) filename and optional format, or reference (input USA) | Readable sequence(s) | Required | 
| [-infile] (Parameter 2) | Primer pairs file | Input file | Required | 
| [-mismatchpercent] (Parameter 3) | Allowed percent mismatch | Any integer value | 0 | 
| [-outfile] (Parameter 4) | Whitehead primer3_core program output file | Output file | <*>.primersearch | 
| Additional (Optional) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default | |
| (none) | |||
| Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default | |
| (none) | |||
| # This is my primer file D1S243 cacacaggctcacatgcc gctccagcgtcatggact D1S468 aattaaccgttttggtcct gcgacacacacttccc D1S2845 ccaaagggtgcttctc gtggcattccaacctc D1S1608 gatggcttttggggactatt cactgagccaagtgacacag D1S2893 aaaacatcaactctcccctg ctcaaaccccaataagcctt D1S2660 cacacatgcacatgcac agtgacaccagcaggg | 
| 
ID   Z52466; SV 1; linear; genomic DNA; STS; HUM; 389 BP.
XX
AC   Z52466;
XX
DT   18-MAR-1996 (Rel. 47, Created)
DT   09-SEP-2004 (Rel. 81, Last updated, Version 4)
XX
DE   H.sapiens (D1S2660) DNA segment containing (CA) repeat; clone AFMa203yc1;
DE   single read.
XX
KW   CA repeat; dinucleotide repeat; GT repeat; microsatellite DNA;
KW   microsatellite marker; repeat polymorphism; STS.
XX
OS   Homo sapiens (human)
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Homo.
XX
RN   [1]
RP   1-389
RA   Weissenbach J.;
RT   ;
RL   Submitted (01-SEP-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RL   Genethon, B.P. 60, 91002 Evry Cedex France. E-mail:
RL   Jean.Weissenbach@genethon.fr
XX
RN   [2]
RP   1-389
RX   DOI; 10.1038/380152a0.
RX   PUBMED; 8600387.
RA   Dib C., Faure S., Fizames C., Samson D., Drouot N., Vignal A.,
RA   Millasseau P., Marc S., Hazan J., Seboun E., Lathrop M., Gyapay G.,
RA   Morissette J., Weissenbach J.;
RT   "A comprehensive genetic map of the human genome based on 5,264
RT   microsatellites";
RL   Nature 380(6570):152-154(1996).
XX
DR   GDB; 606855.
XX
CC   full automatic;
XX
FH   Key             Location/Qualifiers
FH
FT   source          1..389
FT                   /organism="Homo sapiens"
FT                   /chromosome="1"
FT                   /mol_type="genomic DNA"
FT                   /clone_lib="genomic DNA"
FT                   /cell_line="CEPH 134702"
FT                   /note="cloning vector is M13mp18"
FT                   /db_xref="taxon:9606"
XX
SQ   Sequence 389 BP; 118 A; 124 C; 86 G; 57 T; 4 other;
     agctgtgtgc acacaacatg anggggcaca catgcacatg cacacatgcc cacatgcata        60
     tgcacacaca cacacacaca cacacacaca ttcatgccca agcacgccca ccctcatgtc       120
     tcaccatgtg cacataacac acagtcacat ataccctggc acacatgccc acatgcagac       180
     acgaaacaca ggcccacgnt tncatgcaca caggtatggg cacacatacc atgcacacat       240
     aangacaaat accaggccag acatgatttg cccctgctgg tgtcactgtt aagtgtgaca       300
     gacaagcaga ggacacacac ccacctggga cgcggggctt caggagagag gcagacctaa       360
     tagggcccgg attcggggct ggggaggct                                         389
//
 | 
The input primer file has the following format:
Comment lines start with a '#'
Lines with primer information have three fields separated by spaces or TAB characters. The columns contain:
Empty files will cause primersearch to note that no primers have been found, and to exit.
| Primer name D1S243 Primer name D1S468 Primer name D1S2845 Primer name D1S1608 Primer name D1S2893 Primer name D1S2660 Amplimer 1 Sequence: Z52466 Z52466 H.sapiens (D1S2660) DNA segment containing (CA) repeat; clone AFMa203yc1; single read. CACACATGCACATGCAC hits forward strand at 27 with 0 mismatches AGTGACACCAGCAGGG hits reverse strand at [103] with 0 mismatches Amplimer length: 261 bp | 
| Primer name D1S243 Primer name D1S468 Primer name D1S2845 Primer name D1S1608 Primer name D1S2893 Primer name D1S2660 Amplimer 1 Sequence: Z52466 Z52466 H.sapiens (D1S2660) DNA segment containing (CA) repeat; clone AFMa203yc1; single read. CACACATGCACATGCAC hits forward strand at 49 with 2 mismatches AGTGACACCAGCAGGG hits reverse strand at [103] with 0 mismatches Amplimer length: 239 bp Amplimer 2 Sequence: Z52466 Z52466 H.sapiens (D1S2660) DNA segment containing (CA) repeat; clone AFMa203yc1; single read. CACACATGCACATGCAC hits forward strand at 27 with 0 mismatches AGTGACACCAGCAGGG hits reverse strand at [103] with 0 mismatches Amplimer length: 261 bp | 
Every potential amplimer will be reported; if one primer matches the forward strand twice and the other matches the reverse strand only once, two potential amplimers are reported. If the reverse primer matches twice, four potential amplimers are reported.
This program is processor-intensive. You should probably not use it, for example, to search the whole of EMBL or even the human section of EMBL. It will take longer with more primer pairs and if mismatches are allowed.
| Program name | Description | 
|---|---|
| eprimer3 | Picks PCR primers and hybridization oligos | 
| stssearch | Search a DNA database for matches with a set of STS primers | 
stssearch does something similar, but doesn't allow you to find mismatches and will report any match in any orientation and doesn't require you to have both primers matching.